Blood Clots: Scientists From Texas A&M University Develop New Medical Device To Detect Blood Clots
Source: Blood Clots Jun 04, 2020 4 years, 6 months, 2 weeks, 5 days, 54 minutes ago
Blood Clots: Biotech and medical experts from the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M University are developing a revolutionary medical device to detect blood clots, especially in pediatric patients.
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The red lines in this photo are the microfluidic device Dr. Abhishek Jain and his
team have developed to help detect blood clots. Credit: Texas A&M University
Contrary to what is illustrated in medical textbooks, blood vessels are not straight cylinders. They are tortuous, meaning they have complex curves, spirals and bends. When the blood reaches these curves, it makes changes to its fluid mechanics and interactions with the vessel wall. In a healthy person, these changes are in harmony with the tortuous microenvironment, but when diseased, these environments could lead to very complex flow conditions that activate proteins and cells that eventually lead to blood clots.
Assistant Professor Dr Abhishek Jain said a big challenge in medicine is the medical devices used to detect clots and assess anti-blood clotting drug effects are entirely chemistry-based.
Dr Jain said, "They do not incorporate the flow through the naturally turning and twisting blood vessels, which are physical regulators of blood clotting. Therefore, the readouts from these current static systems are not highly predictive, and often result in false positives or false negatives."
In order to approach the problem from a new angle, researchers in Jain's lab at Texas A&M designed a microdevice that mimics tortuous blood vessels and created a diseased microenvironment in which blood may rapidly clot under flow. They showed this biomimetic blood clotting device could be used to design and monitor drugs that are given to patients who suffer from clotting disorders.
Dr Jain said he can see several applications for the device, including critical care units and military trauma care units.
He added, "It can be used in detection of clotting disorders and used in precision medicine where you would want to monitor pro-thrombotic or anti-thrombotic therapies and optimize the therapeutic approach.”
Upon developing the device, the researchers took it into the field for a pilot study. Working with Dr Jun Teruya, chief of transfusion medicine at Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, the team coordinated with clinicians to test the device with pediatric patients in critical care whose heart and lungs were not working properly.
Many of these pediatric patients were in need of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) machine, which provides cardiac and respiratory support in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
A fairly common complication in ECMO is blood clotting, so patients are administered anticoagulants to prevent clotting. However, ECMO machines are also known to" eat" clotting proteins and platelets, which puts anticoagulated patients in further risk of bleeding.
Often anticoagulated pediatric patients on ECMO are especially prone to bleeding.<
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Conventional chemically based blood clotting tests are expensive, time-consuming, can be unreliable and require a skilled technician. Jain's team's tortuosity based microfluidic system doesn't require expensive chemicals, is quick, with results within 10-15 minutes, uses low blood sample volume and is easy to operate.
Dr Jain added, "The margin for error is essentially zero for these patients. Therefore, it's imperative that all the tests, not just clotting tests, must work and provide clinicians with quick and reliable information about their patient so they can provide the best care possible."
By testing their system with real patients, Jain said his team was able to demonstrate that their design could detect bleeding in anticoagulated patients with low platelet counts, which can help guide doctors to make better evidence-based clinical decisions for their patients.
The research findings were published in Nature's
Scientific Reports journal.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62768-4
The research team next plan continued clinical studies to compare their approach to standard methods and hopefully demonstrate key performance advantages.
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