Italian And Swiss Researchers Warn That COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Can Lead To Arrhythmias!

COVID-19 News: The development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines marked a pivotal moment in the global fight against the pandemic. Nations across the globe embraced vaccination campaigns to curb the spread of the virus, mitigate severe outcomes, and ultimately navigate a way out of the health, social, and economic crises that the pandemic triggered. However, as the vaccination effort gained momentum, concerns regarding the safety profile of these vaccines, particularly mRNA-based ones, began to surface. While the efficacy of these vaccines is widely acknowledged, emerging reports have raised questions about potential side effects, with a particular focus on cardiovascular complications.


 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Can Lead To Arrhythmias

Safety Considerations
Ensuring the safety of vaccines is paramount, alongside their effectiveness. The mRNA-based vaccine platform, utilized in several COVID-19 vaccines, has generally been considered safe. Nevertheless, an increasing number of reported side effects has prompted a more thorough investigation into potential risks associated with these vaccines. Myopericarditis has emerged as a prominent cardiovascular complication, but there is a pressing need to explore and understand other potential side effects, especially cardiac arrhythmias.
 
Besides this study, a number of case reports and studies have also validated the occurrence of arrhythmias after the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.
https://www.dovepress.com/atrial-fibrillation-after-mrna-1273-sars-cov-2-vaccination-case-report-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHP
 
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/6/1584
 
https://journals.lww.com/smj/fulltext/2023/09000/a_review_of_covid_19_vaccination_and_the_reported.1.aspx
 
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/RMHP.S402007
 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223001596
 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joa3.12773
 
https://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/association-between-covid19-vaccine-and-newonset-atrial-fibrillation.html
 
https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(22)00914-6/fulltext
 
rature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-2228775">https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-2228775
 
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Atrial-Fibrillation-After-mRNA-1273-SARS-CoV-2-Case-Chen-Hsieh/45e56acacbf088855c0dc799afbdf679edbad03e
 
https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/110207/html
 
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-2322756
 
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43678-021-00250-4
 
https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e306
 
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0
 
It should be noted that in some cases, these vaccine induced arrhythmias lead to fatal outcomes in otherwise health individuals!
 
Case Series and Vigilance Database Analysis
Researchers from the Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, University Hospital Basel in Switzerland, Sapienza University of Rome, and the University of Chieti G d’Annunzio in Italy have presented a case series of patients who developed cardiac arrhythmias following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Beyond individual case reports, a comprehensive review of official vigilance databases that is covered in this COVID-19 News report, revealed a notable frequency of heart rhythm disorders post-COVID vaccination. This discovery prompted a closer examination of the molecular pathways that might link the mRNA COVID vaccine to disruptions in cardiac electrophysiology.
 
Literature Review
A deeper dive into the existing literature uncovered various studies and reports highlighting the incidence of heart rhythm disorders after mRNA COVID vaccination. Researchers emphasized the importance of not underestimating these complications, citing red flags in the literature regarding the risk of malignant arrhythmias in predisposed individuals. While acknowledging the clear benefit of vaccination in the ongoing battle against the pandemic, the researchers stress the need for a thorough investigation into the potential risks associated with heart rhythm disorders.
 
Epidemiological Insights
The challenge in assessing the true incidence of heart rhythm disorders lies in the fact that less than 10% of arrhythmias are symptomatic. Despite this difficulty, the impact of these disturbances on overall health cannot be downplayed. The literature hints at concerning trends, such as an increased number of calls for sudden cardiac arrest in the younger population during the vaccination period. This, coupled with reports of anomalous sudden deaths in athletes post-COVID-19 and/or vaccination, has sparked further investigation into the potential risks associated with COVID vaccines.
 
Vigilance Database Analysis
An analysis of official vigilance databases, including the UK Yellow Card Scheme, until June 2022, provided additional insights. The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, one of the mRNA vaccines, was associated with palpitations reported in 3.6% of cases, comparable to the frequency of rash. Importantly, cases of rate and rhythm disorders were reported in 2% of instances, overshadowing the reports of myocarditis, the more well-known vaccine-related complication. The data revealed that heart rhythm disorders occurred at a rate of 14.4 per 100,000 patients after the Pfizer vaccine, emphasizing the significance of this side effect.
 
Comparative Analysis
Intriguingly, a comparative analysis between mRNA vaccines and other types revealed distinctions. Moderna's mRNA-1273 vaccine was associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia at 1–7 days following the second dose. Similarly, an analysis of over 20 million vaccinated individuals in Malaysia found a significant association between COVID-19 vaccination and cardiac arrhythmia, particularly following the second dose. These observations suggest that the type of vaccine may play a role in the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias.
 
Molecular Pathways
To delve deeper into the potential mechanisms underlying COVID vaccine-induced cardiac arrhythmias, researchers explored molecular pathways. The primary target of the COVID-19 vaccine is the spike protein, which interferes with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is crucial not only as a receptor but also as a catalytic site in the Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS), a key regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis. The spike protein's interaction with ACE2 can disrupt the delicate balance of the RAS, leading to inflammation, thrombosis, and endothelial damage.
 
ACE System and Heart Electrophysiology
The ACE system's impact on heart electrophysiology and conduction homeostasis is profound. ACE influences various aspects of cardiac conduction, from depolarization to cellular coupling and repolarization. The delicate balance of the RAS is critical for maintaining proper heart function. Studies dating back to the 1980s demonstrated the marked effects of angiotensin II (AT II), a product of ACE, on the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart's conduction system.
 
Arrhythmogenic Potential
In the context of COVID-19, the virus has been associated with myocarditis, thromboembolic events, hypertensive emergencies, and arrhythmias. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of the virus's spike and nucleocapsid proteins in the conduction system of patients who died from arrhythmias. The hypothesis suggests that the spike protein, by interfering with ACE2, could disrupt ACE balance, leading to arrhythmias. Reentry, a cause of lethal tachyarrhythmias, could be facilitated by a decrease in conduction velocity and/or a reduction in refractory period induced by the spike protein.
 
Genetic Predisposition
Further complexity arises when considering genetic predispositions. Studies highlighted a potential association between proarrhythmic genetic mutations and life-threatening arrhythmias post-COVID vaccination. Certain variants, such as SCN5A, were implicated in sudden death within 7 days of vaccination, regardless of vaccine type or the presence of underlying diseases. Monitoring individuals with predisposing genetic mutations became crucial to identify and manage potential risks associated with vaccination.
 
Impact of Vaccination on ACE2
A critical question arises: why do patients with a baseline deficiency of ACE2 receptor activity, such as the elderly or those with cardiovascular risk factors, seem more affected by SARS-CoV-2 infections than vaccine side effects? The intricate balance of ACE2 with other angiotensinases, such as prolyl carboxypeptidases (PRCP) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), may play a role. Genetic disorders like Gitelman and Bartter syndromes, associated with increased levels of ACE2, demonstrated microvascular dysfunction and an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, shedding light on the potential impact of ACE2 on cardiovascular health.
 
Long-Term and Antibiotic Immune Response
The lingering effects of COVID-19 and COVID vaccines, particularly concerning cardiac arrhythmias, may be explained through the lens of an antibody immune response. Antibodies induced by viral infections, termed Ab1 antibodies, can lead to the production of Ab2 antibodies with the potential to mimic the effects of the virus itself. Autoantibodies against ACE2, detected in COVID patients, could contribute to the severity of the disease and pose potential implications for post-vaccination complications.
 
Conclusion
It is imperative to acknowledge and address the emerging concerns surrounding cardiac arrhythmias. The intricate interplay between the SARS-CoV-2 virus, mRNA vaccines, and the cardiovascular system necessitates a multifaceted approach to understanding and mitigating potential risks.
 
Continued surveillance and monitoring of adverse events post-vaccination are essential. Robust pharmacovigilance systems must remain in place to detect, investigate, and respond to any safety signals promptly. Collaboration between healthcare providers, regulatory agencies, and researchers is crucial in this endeavor.
 
Efforts to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced cardiac arrhythmias should be intensified. Basic science research aimed at unraveling the molecular pathways involved can provide invaluable insights into the pathophysiology of these complications. Additionally, clinical studies focusing on at-risk populations, such as those with preexisting cardiovascular conditions or genetic predispositions, can help identify individuals who may require closer monitoring or tailored vaccination strategies.
 
In conclusion, the emergence of cardiac arrhythmias as a potential side effect underscores the need for vigilance, research, and proactive management strategies. By leveraging multidisciplinary collaboration and prioritizing safety alongside efficacy, we can navigate the complex landscape of COVID-19 vaccination and ensure the health and well-being of populations worldwide.
 
The study findings were published in the peer reviewed journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10405
 
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There are more than 300 articles on the adverse effects of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines that can be found in Thailand Medical News’s repository using the site’s search function.