Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team Jun 18, 2024 1 week, 6 days, 5 hours, 14 minutes ago
Medical Updates: Erythema nodosum (EN) might sound like a complicated medical term, but it's actually a common skin condition that many people experience and are not even aware of what it is. Doctors from Switzerland have published new
Medical Updates about the condition. Let's break it down in simple terms to understand what it is, what causes it, and how it can be treated.
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Erythema Nodosum
What is Erythema Nodosum?
Erythema nodosum is the most frequent form of a condition called panniculitis, which involves inflammation of the fat layer under the skin. This condition is characterized by painful, red or purple, raised bumps or nodules, usually found on the shins. These bumps can be very tender to touch and are often symmetrical, appearing on both legs.
Who Gets Erythema Nodosum?
This condition is more common in women than men, with women being three to six times more likely to develop it. It typically affects young women between the ages of 20 and 30. While it can occur in anyone, certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing EN.
Causes of Erythema Nodosum
EN is often a reaction of the immune system to various triggers. Here are some common causes:
-Infections: The most common trigger is an infection, particularly those caused by streptococcal bacteria. Respiratory infections, such as strep throat, are frequent culprits.
-Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like sarcoidosis (a disease that involves abnormal collections of inflammatory cells in the body), Behçet's disease (a rare disorder causing blood vessel inflammation), and inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can trigger EN.
-Medications: Certain drugs, including antibiotics (like sulfonamides and amoxicillin) and oral contraceptives, can cause EN as a side effect.
-Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also be a trigger.
-Idiopathic: In about half of the cases, no specific cause is identified, and the condition is termed idiopathic.
Symptoms of Erythema Nodosum
The hallmark symptom of EN is the appearance of tender, red bumps or nodules on the shins. These nodules can range in size and are often very painful. Other symptoms that might accompany EN include:
-Fever
-Joint pain, particularly in the ankles and knees
-General feeling of being unwell
Diagnosing Erythema Nodosum
Diagnosis is usually straightforward and based on the appearance of the skin lesions. However, to determine the underlying cause, doctors might perform several tests, including:
-Blood Tests: To check for infections or inflammatory markers.
-Throat Swabs: To detect streptococcal infections.
-Chest X-rays: To look for signs of sarcoidosis.
-Skin Biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of skin may be taken to examine under a microscope.
Treatment of Erythema Nodosum
Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause if identified and relieving symptoms. Here are some common approaches:
-Rest and Elevation: Resting and elevating the affected legs can help reduce pain and swelling.
-Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed.
-Compresses: Applying cool compresses to the affected areas can provide relief from pain and swelling.
-Treating Underlying Conditions: If an underlying infection or inflammatory disease is identified, treating that condition is crucial. For instance, antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections.
-Lifestyle Adjustments: For those with recurrent EN, avoiding known triggers and making lifestyle changes, such as stress management and maintaining a healthy diet, can be beneficial.
Prognosis
The good news is that EN is typically self-limiting, meaning it often resolves on its own once the underlying cause is treated. The nodules usually start to flatten and change color from red to purple, then to brown, and finally to yellowish before fading away without scarring over a few weeks to months.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice painful, red bumps on your shins, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like fever or joint pain, it's important to see a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms effectively and address any underlying health issues.
Conclusion
Erythema nodosum might be painful and distressing, but understanding its causes and treatment options can help manage the condition effectively. By addressing the underlying triggers and following a proper treatment plan, most people with EN can expect a full recovery without lasting effects.
The
Medical Updates about Erythema Nodosum were published in the peer reviewed journal: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00393-024-01529-4
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Medical Updates, keep on logging to Thailand Medical News.
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