Nikhil Prasad Fact checked by:Thailand Medical News Team Jul 30, 2024 3 months, 3 weeks, 2 days, 23 hours, 19 minutes ago
Medical News: A groundbreaking study from the University of Turin-Italy suggests that N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may offer a new, non-antibiotic approach to preventing and treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. UTIs are a common and painful condition affecting many young patients, and finding effective treatments is critical for long-term health. This
Medical News report explores the potential of NAC, its benefits, and what this means for pediatric care.
New non-antibiotic approach for preventing pediatric urinary tract infections
Understanding Pediatric UTIs
Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in children, affecting both those with normal urinary tracts and those with abnormalities. These infections can cause significant discomfort and, if recurrent, lead to severe complications like renal scarring. Traditional treatments include antibiotics, but the rise of antimicrobial resistance has made this approach increasingly problematic.
According to the European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Pediatric Urology, factors such as bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and obesity increase the risk of recurrent UTIs in children. Delayed treatment of these infections further exacerbates the risk of renal scarring, making the prevention of UTIs in children crucial.
What is N-Acetylcysteine?
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a compound that serves as a precursor to glutathione, a potent antioxidant in the body. It has been used in various medical applications for over 50 years, initially as a mucolytic agent in treating respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis and later for treating acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose due to its ability to replenish glutathione levels. NAC is known for its ability to break down mucus, making it easier to expel, and its role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
The Study
Researchers from the University of Turin conducted an in-depth analysis of NAC's effects on urinary tract infections. The study involved multiple institutions in Italy:
-University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital
-University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital
-Regina Margherita Hospital
The study findings show how NAC can inhibit biofilm formation - a key factor in the persistence and recurrence of UTIs. Biofilms are protective layers formed by bacteria, making them more resistant to antibiotics. NAC has been shown to disrupt these biofilms, enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics in adults, but its use in children had not been extensively studied until now.
Key Findings
-Inhibition of Bacterial Invasion
The researchers found that NAC effectively inhibits the invasion of bladder epithelial cells by common UTI-causing bacteria such as E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis. In vitro studies demonstrated that NAC prevents these bacteria from adhering to and invading
bladder cells, a crucial step in the development of UTIs. This effect was observed to be dose-dependent, with higher concentrations of NAC providing greater protection.
-Prevention of Catheter-Associated UTIs
NAC also showed promising results in preventing catheter-associated UTIs (CA-UTIs) by inhibiting biofilm formation on catheter surfaces. Catheters are often used in pediatric urology for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and biofilm formation on these devices is a significant risk factor for infections. NAC's ability to prevent biofilm formation and disrupt existing biofilms on catheter surfaces can reduce the incidence of CA-UTIs, improving patient outcomes.
-Enhancement of Antibiotic Efficacy
One of the most significant findings of the study is NAC's ability to enhance the efficacy of antibiotics. Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat. By disrupting biofilms, NAC allows antibiotics to penetrate more effectively and kill the bacteria. This synergy between NAC and antibiotics could be a game-changer in treating recurrent and resistant UTIs in children.
Benefits of NAC in Pediatric Care
-Non-Antibiotic Prophylaxis
NAC offers a potential non-antibiotic alternative for preventing UTIs, addressing the growing concern of antibiotic resistance. Current non-antibiotic preventive measures include dietary supplements like cranberry, probiotics, and vitamins A and E. While these have shown some efficacy, NAC's ability to directly inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation provides a more targeted approach.
-Safety Profile
NAC has an excellent safety record and is well-tolerated in children, with few adverse effects. Common side effects include mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. NAC's long history of use in respiratory and hepatic conditions in both adults and children supports its safety and tolerability.
Broad Applications
Beyond UTIs, NAC is beneficial in treating respiratory tract infections by breaking down mucus and facilitating its expulsion. It has also shown hepatoprotective effects in conditions like hepatitis A, where it reduces liver enzymes and improves liver function. In neuropsychiatric disorders like autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder, NAC has been found to reduce irritability and improve social interactions, highlighting its diverse therapeutic potential.
Potential for Clinical Practice
While the current findings are promising, more extensive clinical trials are needed to establish NAC as a standard treatment in pediatric urology. The researchers suggest that double-blind, multicenter trials could validate the use of NAC and potentially transform how pediatric UTIs are managed.
Conclusion
N-Acetylcysteine presents a promising new approach to managing pediatric urinary tract infections. By preventing biofilm formation and enhancing antibiotic efficacy, NAC could reduce the reliance on antibiotics and improve outcomes for young patients.
The study findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal: Surgeries.
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4095/5/3/45
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https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/breaking-covid-19-drugs-study-shows-that-n-acetylcysteine-or-nac-is-an-effective-antiviral-and-immunomodulatory-drug-against-all-sars-cov-2-variants
https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/covid-19-news-randomized-clinical-trial-shows-that-n-acetylcysteine-and-bromhexine-prevents-covid-19-disease-severity
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