Source: Thailand Medical News Nov 26, 2019 5 years, 1 week, 15 hours, 6 minutes ago
The human search for youthfulness and beauty typically turns to lotions, supplements, serums and diets, but there may soon be a new option joining the fray.
Rapamycin, a FDA-approved drug normally used to prevent organ rejection after transplant surgery, may also slow aging in human skin, according to a study from Drexel University College of Medicine researchers published in
Geroscience. It is a compound that is going to be found in many
aesthetic and
antiaging trends in
2020 and for the next decade as many companies are already jumping on the bandwagon and developing formulations and doing extensive research.
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Past scientific studies have previously used the drug to slow aging in mice, flies, and worms, but the current study is the first to show an effect on aging in human tissue, specifically skin in which signs of aging were reduced. Changes include decreases in wrinkles, reduced sagging and more even skin tone when delivered topically to humans.
Dr Christian Sell, Ph.D., an associate professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the College of Medicine and senior author of the study told
Thailand Medical News, "As researchers continue to seek out the elusive 'fountain of youth' and ways to live longer, we're seeing growing potential for use of this drug. So, we said, let's try skin. It's a complex organism with immune, nerve cells, stem cells, you can learn a lot about the biology of a drug and the aging process by looking at skin."
For the Drexel-led study, 13 participants over age 40 applied
rapamycin cream every 1-2 days to one hand and a placebo to the other hand for eight months. The researchers checked on subjects after two, four, six and eight months, including conducting a blood test and a biopsy at the six- or eight-month mark.
After 32 weeks, the majority of the
rapamycin hands showed increases in collagen protein, and statistically significant lower levels of p16 protein, a key marker of skin cell aging. Skin that has lower levels of p16 has fewer senescent cells, which are associated with skin wrinkles. Beyond cosmetic effects, higher levels of p16 can lead to
dermal atrophy, a common condition in seniors, which is associated with fragile skin that tears easily, slow healing after cuts and increased risk of infection or complications after an injury.
The ingredient works as
Rapamycin blocks the appropriately named "target of
rapamycin" (TOR), a protein that acts as a mediator in metabolism, growth and aging of human cells. The capability for
rapamycin to improve human health beyond outward appearance is further illuminated when looking deeper at p16 protein, which is a stress response that human cells undergo when damaged, but is also a way of preventing cancer. When cells have a mutation that would have otherwise created a tumor, this response helps prevent the tumor by slowing the cell cycle process. Instead of creating a tumor, it contributes to the aging process.
Dr Christian Sell added
, "When cells age, they become detrimental and create inflammation. That's part of aging. These cells that have undergone stress are now pumping out inflammatory markers."
Besides its current use to prevent organ rejection,
rapamycin is currently prescribed (in higher doses than used in the current study) for the rare lung disease lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and as an anti-cancer drug. The current Drexel study shows a second life for the drug in low doses, including new applications for studying
rapamycin to increase human lifespan or improve human performance.
The drug
Rapamycin was first discovered in the 1970s in bacteria found in the soil of Easter Island, also reduces stress in the cell by attacking cancer-causing free radicals in the mitochondria.
In past studies, the team used
rapamycin in cell cultures, which reportedly improved cell function and slowed aging.
A study in
Cell of yeast cultures in 1996 which used
rapamycin to block TOR proteins in yeast, made the yeast cells smaller, but increased their lifespan.
Dr Christian Sell commented,"If you ramp the pathway down you get a smaller phenotype. When you slow growth, you seem to extend lifespan and help the body repair itself at least in mice. This is similar to what is seen in calorie restriction."
The team note that, as this is early research, many more questions remain about how to harness this drug. Future studies will look at how to apply the drug in clinical settings, and find applications in other diseases. During the current study, the researchers confirmed that none of the
rapamycin was absorbed in the bloodstream of participants.
There are two pending patents on this technology, both of which have been licensed to Boinca Therapeutics LLC., of which Sell, Ibiyonu Lawrence, MD, an associate professor of Internal Medicine in the College of Medicine, are shareholders.
Commercial applications of the drug for
aesthetics is to appear in the market as early as 2020 in certain medically supervised cosmoceuticals.
References:
Christina Lee Chung et al, Topical rapamycin reduces markers of senescence and aging in human skin: an exploratory, prospective, randomized trial, GeroScience (2019). DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00113-y
N C Barbet et al. TOR controls translation initiation and early G1 progression in yeast., Molecular Biology of the Cell (2013). DOI: 10.1091/mbc.7.1.25
