Researchers From The Ontario Institute For Cancer Research Identify New Subtypes Of Pancreatic Cancer
Source: Thailand Medical News Jan 14, 2020 4 years, 11 months, 1 week, 1 day, 22 hours, 51 minutes ago
Medical researchers at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR) and the University Health Network (UHN) have discovered detailed new information about the
subtypes of
pancreatic cancer. A better understanding of the disease groups may lead to new treatment options and improved clinical outcomes for this lethal disease.
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Dr Faiyaz Notta and Dr Steven Gallinger Credit: OICR
The research study, published in
Nature Genetics, represents the most comprehensive analysis of the molecular
subtypes of
pancreatic cancer to date. Through detailed genomic and transcriptomic analyses, the research group identified five distinct
subtypes of the disease (Basal-like-A, Basal-like-B, Classical-A, Classical-B, and Hybrid) with unique molecular properties that could be targeted with novel chemotherapies, biologics and immunotherapies.
Lead author Dr. Faiyaz Notta, Co-Leader of OICR's
Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Initiative (PanCuRx) and Scientist at UHN's Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, told
Thailand Medical News, "Therapy development for
pancreatic cancer has been hindered by an incomplete knowledge of the molecular
subtypes of this deadly disease. By rigorously analyzing advanced
pancreatic cancers which is the stage of disease that most patients have when they're diagnosed we were able to create a framework. This will help us develop better predictive models of disease progression that can assist in personalizing treatment decisions and lead to new targeted therapies."
The research is based on data from more than 300 patients with both early stage and advanced
pancreatic cancer who participated in COMPASS, a first-of-its-kind clinical trial that is breaking new ground in discovery science and personalized
pancreatic cancer treatment. COMPASS is enabled by advanced pathology laboratory techniques at UHN and OICR, and next generation sequencing at OICR.
Dr Not added, "Most
pancreatic cancer research is focused solely on early stage or resectable tumours, but in reality,
pancreatic cancer is often found in patients after it has advanced and spread to other organs. COMPASS allowed us to look into these advanced
pancreatic cancers while treating these patients, develop a better understanding of the biology behind metastatic
pancreatic cancer, and shed light on the mechanisms driving disease progression."
Most significantly, the Basal-like-A subtype, which had been difficult to observe before this study, was linked with a specific genetic abnormality. Most of the Basal-like-A tumours harboured several copies of a mutated KRAS gene, also known as a genetic amplification of
mutant KRAS. The research group hypothesizes that some of the subtypes arise from specific genetic changes that occur as
pancreatic cancer develops.
Dr. Steven Gallinger, Co-Leader of OICR's PanCuRx, Surgical Oncologist at UHN and Senior Investigator, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital added, "This research opens new doors for therapeutic development. We look forward to capitalizing on the promise of these discoveries, building on our understanding of
pancreatic cancer subtypes, and bringing new treatments to patients with the disease."
Reference: Transcription phenotypes of pancreatic cancer are driven by genomic events during tumor evolution, Nature Genetics (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0566-9 ,
