Study Shows Metabolites Of Resveratrol And Quercetin Have Anti-Obesity Effects

Quercetin is found in larger amounts in apples, onions, cherries, berries, broccoli and tea. Just as in the case of resveratrol, many biological functions have been attributed to it, such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperternsive, antihypercholesterolemic, antiaterosclerotic and antiobesity functions.

Apart from their low bioavailability, phenolic compounds occur in small quantities in foodstuffs, because after they have been digested, they undergo extensive metabolization, with the result that the amount that reaches organs and tissue is relatively low.


Itziar Eseberri-Barace. Photo: Nuria González. Credit: UPV/EHU

Medical Researcher Dr Itziar Eseberri-Barace from University of Basque Country, Spain told Thailand Medical News, "The amounts of resveratrol and quercetin used in most of the in vitro studies conducted to date for the purpose of studying their effects as anti-obesity molecules are a long way from those that actually reach the tissue, so the use of doses closer to reality has been one of the novel aspects of this work. What is more, very few studies have been conducted to check whether the metabolites derived from the metabolism of the two polyphenols have any biological activity on a par with the parent compound."

Quercetin and resveratrol and are two functional ingredients to which a fat-reducing effect has been attributed in experiments conducted in vivo and in vitro. Yet their rapid metabolism means that only a tiny fraction of these compounds reach organs and tissue. Now, a new study suggests that their metabolism should not be regarded as a limitation in the use of resveratrol in pre-adipocytes nor in the use of quercetin in mature adipocytes.

Typically, obesity is defined as excess accumulation of body fat, which can result in the development of a whole range of comorbidities. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), in 2016, 39 percent of adults were overweight and 13 percent obese. What is more, 41 million children under five are overweight or obese, and 340 million in the case of children and teenagers between the ages of five and 19.

Phenolic compounds are antioxidants that occur naturally in plants, which produce them as a defense mechanism in response to stress. Thanks to previous studies, a diet rich in phenolic compounds has been found to maintain an optimum state of health and reduce the occurrence of certain diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. When phenolic compounds have more than one phenolic ring in their structure, these compounds are then known as polyphenols, a more widely known term. Resveratrol and quercetin are currently two of the most studied polyphenols.

The first beneficial effects of resveratrol were described in 1982, when, thanks to an observational study, an inverse relationship was established between moderate wine consumption and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This observation later became known as the "French Paradox." This polyphenol is found mostly in grapes and the beverages made from them (grape juice and wine), berries and peanuts, among other things, and various biological functions have been attributed to it, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,immunomodulating, anti-diabetic and anti-carcinogenic functions. It has also been found to have anti-obesity functions owing to the reduction in body fat through such mechanisms as food intake modulation, modification of nutrient absorption, regulation of the cell cycle of adipocytes, reduction in adipose tissue inflammation, regulation of mitochondrial function, induction of thermogenesis, and modulation of intestinal microbiota.

The PhD Study by Dr Itziar Eseberri-Barace takes this research a step further, demonstrating that certain metabolites of resveratrol and quercetin molecules, the products that remain following their digestion, remain biologically active and partly contribute to the anti-obesity effect of the compounds.

Dr Eseberri-Barace elaborated, "The results obtained show that all the metabolites from resveratrol contribute to the same degree as the polyphenol toward inhibiting adipogenesis. Although they are active in mature adipocytes, resveratrol is much more effective. In the case of quercetin, this effect can only be attributed to the sulphated metabolite (quercetin-3-0-sulphate) in mature adipocytes, since none of the quercetin metabolites turned out to be as effective as or more effective than the polyphenol on its own in inhibiting adipogenesis. It can therefore be concluded that the metabolism of these two compounds can signify a limitation only in the case of mature adipocytes treated with resveratrol and pre-adipocytes in differentiation treated with quercetin."

The thesis sought to analyse whether the main metabolites of the two compounds in 3T3-L1 adipocytes could be responsible for and contribute toward the fat reduction effect attributed to resveratrol and quercetin, and also to check and compare the action mechanisms responsible for the antiobesity effect of each of the molecules in adipocytes in culture. After conducting experiments, which gave rise to five published scientific papers, the work has shown that certain metabolites of both molecules are biologically active and contribute partly toward the antiobesity effect.

Dr Eseberri-Barace concluded, "There has been partial confirmation of the hypothesis that determines whether the beneficial triglyceride-lowering effects of resveratrol and quercetin can be attributed to them alone or to their principal metabolites, as well. Metabolism should not be regarded as a limitation in the case of either resveratrol in pre-adipocytes in differentiation, or in quercetin in mature adipocytes."

When consumers are planning to purchase Quercetin or Resveratrol supplements, always do due diligence as there are many brands out there that sell products that have very little bioactive potential in them and are simply a waste of money. Stay from products made in Thailand, Asia etc. Two reputable brands are Life Extension and Now products available from the US.
 
References:
 
Itziar Eseberri et al. Resveratrol Metabolites Modify Adipokine Expression and Secretion in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes and Mature Adipocytes, PLoS ONE (2013). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063918

Itziar Eseberri et al. Potential miRNA involvement in the anti-adipogenic effect of resveratrol and its metabolites, PLOS ONE (2017). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184875

Itziar Eseberri et al. Doses of Quercetin in the Range of Serum Concentrations Exert Delipidating Effects in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Acting on Different Stages of Adipogenesis, but Not in Mature Adipocytes, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2015). DOI: 10.1155/2015/480943

Itziar Eseberri et al. Effects of Quercetin Metabolites on Triglyceride Metabolism of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Mature Adipocytes, International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2019). DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020264

Arrate Lasa et al. Delipidating effect of resveratrol metabolites in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (2012). DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100772
Journal information: PLoS ONE  , Molecular Nutrition & Food Research