Study Shows That Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine Prevents SARS-CoV-2-Induced Thrombosis And Inflammation, Proving To Be The Safest Vaccine So Far!
Source: Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine Oct 05, 2021 3 years, 1 month, 1 week, 2 days, 15 minutes ago
Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine: A new study by researchers from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Boston-US, University of Montreal-Canada, M Tufts University-Massachusetts-USA, Oregon Health & Sciences University-USA, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard-USA has found that the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine Ad26.COV2.S not only prevents SARS-CoV-2 induced thrombosis but also prevents virus-induced inflammation besides being able to produce antibodies that neutralize the novel coronavirus. Although the studies were conducted in hamster models, the study findings show that the Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is not only an effective vaccine but also can be considered as one of the most safest vaccine.
The study findings showed that vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S protected SARS-CoV-2 challenged hamsters from developing severe COVID-19 disease by attenuating excessive proinflammatory responses, such as IL-6 and IL-1, macrophages and neutrophils signaling. Ad26 vaccination also prevented the upregulation of pathways associated with thrombosis such coagulation and clotting cascades associated with infection, and the transcriptomic profiles of vaccinated animals were largely comparable to control uninfected hamsters. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 challenged unvaccinated hamsters showed significant increase of these proinflammatory and prothrombotic pathways and significant weight loss compared to vaccinated hamsters.
The study findings were published on a preprint server and are currently being peer reviewed.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462514v1
The
Johnson-&-Johnson-COVID-19-vaccine is an adenovirus vector vaccine containing snippets of the inactivated virus.
The J&J vaccines was granted EUA approval by the U.S. FDA on the 27th of February 2021 based on the totality of scientific evidence, including data from the Phase 3 ENSEMBLE study that demonstrated the vaccine was 85 percent effective in preventing severe disease across all regions studied, and showed protection against COVID-19 related hospitalization and death, beginning 28 days after vaccination.
The manufacturers and researchers behind the J& J vaccines have tweaked the adjuvants and compounds used in the vaccine numerous times based on data emerging from the usage of other vaccines to come up with what we at Thailand Medical News could term as the safest COVID-19 vaccine to date. We are not anti-vaxxers nor we do support the usage of the COVID-19 vaccines just yet but considering the stupid mandates being imposed by dictators around the world including in countries like the United States, Israel, Germany and many other countries in Europe etc, where people who are being forced out of their own free will to take the COVID-19 vaccines, they should at least get the J&J vaccines instead. ( We at Thailand Medical News, are also working with researchers and have also developed a phytochemical adjuvant that can be taken by those vaccinated to prevent possible negative effects from the spike proteins in the vaccines and the formulation consist of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Magnolol, Rutaecarpine and also a range of
i
rong>ndoles, glucosinolates, inositol and isoflavones that we are not publicly telling and also note that all the compounds here that we mention may not be used by others for the same purpose as we have already did patent staging and even this article and its date published is being stored in third party servers as evidence for any future legal issues.)
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an intense focus on the development of vaccines. Animal models have been utilized to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed vaccines and to define molecular and immunologic correlates of protection.
Typically hamsters and rhesus macaques are primary models used to study the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pathogenesis and vaccine effectiveness. The utility of these models is due to their ability to exhibit robust viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts when infected with SARS-CoV-2.
The detailed proteomic and transcriptomic reports from SARS-CoV-2 infected hamster lung tissues and blood have demonstrated complement activation, upregulation of interferon (IFN) and pro-inflammatory pathways, and recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to lungs of infected hamsters.
Collectively, these responses correlate with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, which supports the roles of pro-inflammatory responses in the severity of COVID-19.
Hence, it is essential that COVID-19 vaccinations are tested in these models to determine whether they influence host immune and transcriptional responses. Additionally, these studies can also determine whether protection is provided against excessive pro-inflammatory responses.
The study team performed bulk ribonucleic acid (RNA)-Seq transcriptomic profiling of lung tissue from vaccinated and unvaccinated hamsters four days post-challenge with SARS-CoV-2. The vaccinations utilized for this study was the Ad26.COV2.S (Ad26) and the S.dTM.PP.
Detailed analysis via RNA-Seq and transcriptomic profiling revealed that within each group of hamsters, the transcriptomic profiles were homogenous.
In addition there was no significant difference between groups of animals who received differing doses of vaccine was observed.
For the study unvaccinated hamsters’ RNA-Seq reads were mapped to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. A significant number of reads mapped to SARS-CoV-2 transcripts were observed, ranging from 300-315,000.
But within S.dTM.PP vaccinated hamsters, a lower number of reads were found to have mapped to SARS-CoV2 transcripts, ranging from 10 to 16,000 reads. With Ad26 vaccinated hamsters, SARS-CoV-2 reads were undetectable, with only 0 to 12 reads mapping SARS-CoV-2 transcripts.
When compared to naïve animals, differences were observed in gene upregulation and downregulation in vaccinated and unvaccinated animals by differential expression gene analysis (DEGs).
Huge significant differences in the transcriptomic profile of hamsters that were administered the AD26 vaccine were observed as compared to unvaccinated hamsters, with 3,401 genes differentially expressed between the two groups.
Interestingly when compared, only 87 differentially expressed genes were detected between SdTM.PP vaccinated hamsters as compared to unvaccinated hamsters.
However vaccinated hamsters were found to express downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers and increased expression of IFN receptors when compared to unvaccinated animals.
These study findings are consistent with previous work conducted by the authors, where they found that hamsters were vaccinated with the S.dMT.PP vaccine experienced more adverse side effects when compared to hamsters who received the Ad26 vaccine.
A key contributing factor to the severity of disease and death is an excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2.
Previously reported in the lung tissue and blood of both COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters were the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and type I and II IFN responses.
The study team integrated their transcriptomic data in hamsters who had been vaccinated and compared levels of certain pro-inflammatory pathways to naïve and unvaccinated groups.
Importantly gene set enrichment analysis of DEGs displayed pathways of the inflammasome, IFN signaling, and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IFN-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6 signaling, were increased significantly in unvaccinated hamsters when compared to naïve hamsters.
Interestingly at four days post-infection, a direct comparison between the vaccinated and unvaccinated hamsters showed a significant decrease in the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways in the S.dMT.PP vaccinated as compared to the unvaccinated hamsters.
It should be noted that pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β were all found to be highly expressed in unvaccinated hamsters as compared to naïve hamsters. The levels of expression of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were comparable between vaccinated and naïve hamsters.
The study team found that Ad26.COV2.S vaccination in hamsters prevented the upregulation of the pathological pathways that are induced by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the team demonstrated how the transcriptomic profile of vaccinated hamsters was comparable to sham uninfected hamsters. Humoral and cellular immune responses were also induced as a consequence of the Ad26 vaccine. Taken together, the findings of the current study provided insights into the potential methods of protection in lungs against SARS-CoV-2.
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