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TCM News: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), a prevalent autoimmune thyroid disease, significantly impacts patients' quality of life and is linked with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. This
TCM News report explores a groundbreaking study on the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), emphasizing the role of selenium and antioxidant phytochemicals. The study, conducted by researchers from institutions including Dongzhimen Hospital at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine-China, Lausanne University Hospital-Switzerland, and the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens-Greece, offers promising insights into alternative treatment methods.
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Graphical summary of some of the main underlying molecular mechanisms in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Genetic variation refers to single nucleotide polymorphisms (in genes such as SELENOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) that increase the risk of HT. Immune imbalance refers to the production of cytokines by Th lymphocytes that induce thyroid follicular cells to express surface Human Leukocyte Antigen DR (HLA-DR), thereby making them susceptible to immune attack. Part of the immune imbalance is related to the deficient ability of Tregs to inhibit the activity of immune cells targeting the thyroid. Oxidative stress refers to the excess production of ROS and RNS that cannot be counterbalanced by the thyrocytes’ antioxidant systems
Understanding Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
HT is characterized by an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism. This disease manifests in three stages: an initial thyrotoxicosis phase due to hormone release from damaged follicles, a euthyroid phase where the remaining thyroid tissue compensates, and ultimately hypothyroidism as the gland fails to produce enough hormones. Symptoms range from fatigue and poor sleep to mood disorders and neck swelling, significantly affecting patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Traditional Treatments and Their Limitations
Current treatment primarily involves levothyroxine substitution therapy to manage hypothyroidism, but this does not address the underlying autoimmune or oxidative stress issues. Despite treatment, many patients continue to experience symptoms, indicating an unmet medical need for more comprehensive approaches.
Selenium's Role in Managing HT
Selenium, a vital trace element with antioxidant properties, is concentrated in the thyroid gland. It is integral to selenoproteins, which protect cells from oxidative damage and regulate thyroid hormone metabolism. Studies suggest selenium supplementation can reduce thyroid autoantibody levels and potentially modify the disease course. However, the therapeutic effects of selenium alone remain controversial, with mixed results from various studies.
Integrating TCM w
ith Modern Medicine
TCM offers a holistic approach to treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), utilizing herbal formulations to target multiple aspects of the disease. These formulations often include combinations of herbs known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For instance, the Fuzheng-Jiedu-Xiaoying decoction, containing ingredients like Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica, has shown promise in reducing thyroid antibodies and improving immune balance in clinical trials.
Key Findings from the Study
The study highlights several TCM formulations and their components:
-Fuzheng-Jiedu-Xiaoying Decoction: Comprising Astragalus membranaceus, Lonicera japonica, and other herbs, this decoction significantly reduced thyroid antibodies and improved immune regulation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients.
-Jianpi-Xiaoying Decoction: This formulation, including Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala, effectively decreased thyroid antibodies and modulated immune responses.
-Qijian-Goiter-Eliminating Decoction: With ingredients like Astragalus membranaceus and Paeonia ostii, this decoction lowered oxidative stress markers and thyroid antibodies.
-Jieyu-Xiaoying Decoction: Combining this decoction with selenium showed enhanced benefits in reducing thyroid antibodies and improving immune balance.
-Bupleurum inula Flower Soup: This herbal mix, when paired with levothyroxine, resulted in significant improvements in thyroid function and quality of life for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients.
Biological Activities of Key Herbs
The study also delves into the biological activities of herbs frequently used in TCM for Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT):
-Prunella vulgaris: Known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties.
-Astragalus membranaceus: Offers anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, enhancing immune function.
-Cyperus rotundus: Recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Conclusion
This comprehensive review of TCM for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) underscores the potential of integrating traditional herbal medicine with modern medical practices. By addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune imbalances, TCM formulations offer a promising complementary approach to managing HT. The findings advocate for further structured research to validate these treatments and encourage collaboration between TCM and Western medicine for improved patient outcomes.
The study findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal: Antioxidants.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/7/868
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